Description of the procedure

Cortisone injections are used to help relieve pain caused by inflammatory conditions when medications and physiotherapy alone do not provide adequate relief. These conditions include osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, tendonitis, and bursitis. Cortisone works by reducing inflammation. It is injected directly into the affected area (usually a joint).

Doctors perform this procedure in an office or clinic. A local anesthetic may be used.

When should this procedure be performed?

Doctors may perform the procedure if treatment with medications (e.g., painkillers) and physiotherapy has not relieved specific muscle or joint pain. Some doctors perform the procedure on a monthly basis, while others recommend using it only a limited number of times in an area causing pain.

Why is this procedure performed?

Cortisone injection therapy is recommended when muscle and joint pain interferes with quality of life and mobility. Reducing the pain and improving mobility may help restore a person's ability to do daily activities and enjoy pastimes.

Are there any risks and precautions I should know about?

Although cortisone injections are generally considered safe, there are certain risks. If a doctor does not correctly target the muscle or joint, damage to nerves or tendons is possible although this is extremely rare. People with darker skin may experience some changes in skin color at the injection site. There is also a risk of bleeding or infection at the injection site. Some people may experience flushing or sweating if a higher dose of cortisone is used.

Repeating the procedure has its own risks. Corticosteroids may lead to a number of side effects with prolonged use over many years. These include loss of bone density (leading to weaker bones) or cataracts.