Description of the test

Arthroscopy is a test used to examine joints and surrounding tissues, and to repair joint problems (including complications related to arthritis or sports injuries). A surgeon inserts a tube called an arthroscope into the joint through small incisions in the skin. A small camera on the tube as well as a light allow the surgeon to display images of the joint on a video screen. Later, the surgeon may insert other tools through the arthroscope to repair the joint.

The test takes place in a hospital or clinic. Orthopedic surgeons often perform this test. The use of either general or local anesthesia depends on which joint is being tested.

How often should this test be performed?

Your doctor will decide when and how frequently this test is required.

Why is this test performed?

An arthroscopy is performed to diagnose joint problems. These joints include shoulder, knees, ankles, elbows, or hips. It is also performed to surgically repair a joint problem.

If you require arthroscopy, it is likely because you have:

• symptoms related to certain bone conditions (e.g., arthritis, osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, bone spurs)
• an inflammation of a joint
• damaged ligaments or tendons
• an infections of a joint
• pain in joints or bones that has not been diagnosed

During an arthroscopy, a doctor can also remove samples (a biopsy) of the bone and joint for microscopic examination in a lab. An arthroscopy can also help doctors monitor whether a specific medications or treatments are working over time.

Are there any risks and precautions I should know about?

Arthroscopy is a relatively safe procedure and complications are rare, occurring in less than 1% of people. These complications may include bleeding, infection, blood clots, damage to surrounding muscles and ligaments, nerve or blood vessel damage, or a reaction to the general anesthesia.

If you experience fever, bleeding, or drainage from the incision, this may indicate infection - call your doctor. Additionally, call your doctor if you feel numbness, tingling, or pain at the site.